Vibrations in engineering and technology

Oryschenko Sergey, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Tractors and Automobiles of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine (15 Heroiv Oborony St., Kyiv, 03041, Ukraine, e-mail: oryschenko.sv@nubip.edu.ua, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5359-5285)

Oryschenko Viktor, Assistant of the Department of Construction Organization and Management, Kyiv National University of Civil Engineering and Architecture (31 Air Force Avenue, Kyiv, 03037, Ukraine, e-mail: oryscshenko.vv@knuba.edu.ua, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5081-1229)

The article examines the possibilities of vibration and acoustic diagnostics of an internal combustion engine as an effective means of early detection of technical faults. It is substantiated that the occurrence of abnormal noises, increased vibrations, irregular oscillations, and unstable operation of auxiliary units are important diagnostic indicators that may point to defects in belt drive components, primarily the crankshaft pulley. It is shown that the crankshaft pulley performs not only the function of transmitting rotational motion, but also participates in damping torsional vibrations; therefore, its damage or degradation directly affects the dynamic state of the engine. Modern approaches to the analysis of vibration and acoustic manifestations in the operation of power units are generalized, and theoretical relationships are presented that explain the influence of changes in stiffness, damping properties, and mass-inertia characteristics of the pulley on the formation of oscillatory processes. The study investigates the conditions for the occurrence of resonance phenomena in the “crankshaft–pulley” system, determines the nature of vibration amplitude changes at different damping coefficients, and demonstrates the quadratic dependence of inertial forces on rotational speed. Based on theoretical analysis, graphical interpretation, and practical examples of crankshaft pulley defects, it is confirmed that cracks, deformations, delamination of the damping element, and geometric deviations are sources of additional dynamic disturbances and acoustic effects. The expediency of a comprehensive combination of visual inspection, vibration diagnostics, and acoustic diagnostics to improve the reliability of assessing the technical condition of the engine and timely identifying potentially hazardous faults is proven. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the possibility of using the proposed approach during maintenance, service inspection, and expert evaluation of the condition of engine units in operation.

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