Vibrations in engineering and technology

Zamrii Mykhailo – Doctor of Philosophy in Industrial Mechanical Engineering, Senior Lecturer at the Department of Labor Protection and Biotechnical Systems in Animal Husbandry of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. Office address: Vinnytsia, Sonyachna St. 3, VNAU 21008, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9433-6714).   

The paper presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies aimed at improving the efficiency of the drying process of alfalfa seed mass at the stationary stage of post-harvest processing. It has been established that, to ensure high-quality threshing and separation operations, the seed mixture must be dried to a moisture content of 19-21%, whereas it arrives from the field with a moisture content of 35-55%, which determines the necessity and high energy intensity of the drying operation. Alfalfa pods containing seeds were identified as the main object of research, as the key component of the seed mass that has the greatest influence on the preservation of sowing qualities.

As a result of experimental investigations, relationships between the density of alfalfa pods and their moisture content were obtained, which made it possible to refine the initial data for heat and mass transfer calculations. The maximum permissible heating temperatures of alfalfa pods were determined depending on their initial moisture content and drying exposure time. It was established that an increase in material moisture content significantly reduces the allowable heating temperature, while the effect of moisture content is much more pronounced than that of thermal exposure duration. An analytical dependence was obtained that can be used for the practical selection of drying regimes in order to prevent a decrease in seed germination.

The thermophysical characteristics of alfalfa pods-specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and thermal diffusivity-were experimentally determined, and their variation as a function of material moisture content was established. It was shown that with increasing moisture content, the specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the pods increase, whereas thermal diffusivity exhibits a characteristic inflection in the moisture range of 30–35%, which is associated with a change in the form of moisture binding within the material. The obtained results confirm the expediency of considering moisture content as a determining parameter in the mathematical modeling of drying processes.

The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the established experimental relationships and limiting temperature regimes can be used to substantiate dryer design parameters and to optimize technological drying regimes for alfalfa seed mass, ensuring reduced energy consumption and preservation of high sowing qualities of seeds.

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