Vibrations in engineering and technology

Trukhanska Olena – PhD, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Agroengineering and Technical Service of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (Soniachna Str., 3, Vinnytsia, 21008, Ukraine, e-mail: seaswallow@ukr.net, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8481-8878). 

Hadaichuk Maksym, Postgraduate Student of the Department of Agroengineering and Technical Service of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (Soniachna Str., 3, Vinnytsia, 21008, Ukraine, e-mail: seaswallow@ukr.net, https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8967-8171 ).

In the technology of chicory production, the most time-consuming and imperfect process is the process of digging root crops from the soil and cleaning them from soil and plant impurities. The root crop harvesting technology is considered optimal when the least losses, damage and contamination of the harvested root crops with impurities are allowed. 

For the collection of root crops of row crops, it is impossible to completely avoid crop losses, which are caused, first of all, by the design features of the harvesting equipment and its use in complex soil and climatic conditions that continuously change during the work (mechanical composition, moisture and hardness of the soil, a wide range of variation in the parameters of the placement of plants in rows, the state of their development, etc.), as well as the difficulty of fulfilling agrotechnical requirements for the processes of separation of leaf-stem mass and extraction root crops from the soil without damage during forward movement of harvesting units. Root chicory has its own specific features, such as the low level of mechanized cultivation technology and the lack of special machines for harvesting chicory root crops in Ukraine and abroad.

During the development of working bodies for digging chicory root crops, it is also necessary to take into account the requirements of the processing industry of chicory root crops to the quality of raw materials. According to the specified requirements, the productive part of chicory roots is determined from the cut line of the leaves from the top of the root heads to the cut line of the tail part with a diameter of 15 mm. Under such conditions, the weight loss of the root crop, depending on the broken off tail part, will be up to 6...7% on average. A comprehensive assessment of the agrobiological and physico-mechanical characteristics of roots of root chicory are theoretical prerequisites for the development and design of working bodies for its digging. The existing modern single-phase technology and technical means used during the collection of chicory roots do not provide the established indicators of the quality of work. At the same time, the contamination of root crops with the remains of ghee and vegetable impurities, waste in the ghee of the mass of cut heads to the mass of root crops, damage to root crops due to chips significantly reduces the quality of raw materials and the yield of their processing products. In this regard, the task of increasing the technical level of root harvesting machines, or indicators of the quality of digging root crops, remains an urgent issue.

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