Vibrations in engineering and technology

Elchyn Aliiev – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Senior Researcher, Professor of the Departments of Mechanization of Production Processes in Animal Husbandry of Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University (St. S. Efremova, 25, Dnipro, Ukraine, 49000, e-mail: aliev@meta.ua, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4006-8803).

Illia Lytvynov – Postgraduate Student, Technician of the Department of Technical Systems Engineering of Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University (St. S. Efremova, 25, Dnipro, Ukraine, 49000, e-mail: illalitvinov901@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7961-8086).

The separation processes of bulk materials are an integral part of technological lines for oilseed processing, particularly at the stage of crushed meal handling. Niche oilseeds are characterized by significant variability in physicomechanical properties, heterogeneous particle size distribution, and a tendency of the material to agglomerate, which complicates the sieving process and leads to intensive clogging of sieve openings. This results in reduced throughput of separators, losses of fine fractions, and decreased energy efficiency of the equipment. This study presents a numerical investigation of the brushing separation process of crushed meal from niche oilseeds using the Discrete Element Method (DEM) in the Simcenter Star-CCM+ software package.

A three-dimensional model of a brush separator with a cylindrical sieve was constructed, accounting for the contact interactions between material particles, flexible brush fibers, and the structural elements of the sieve. The influence of key structural and operational parameters, including the diameter of the cylindrical sieve, brush rotation frequency, brush inclination angle, and material mass, on the sieving efficiency and sieve clogging coefficient was analyzed. The analysis of visual and quantitative simulation results showed that the brush simultaneously performs transport, intensification, and cleaning functions, ensuring active material mixing, enhanced passage of fine fractions, and prevention of sieve opening blockage.

It was determined that the kinetics of fine fraction sieving follow an exponential pattern, whereas sieve clogging develops linearly over time. Based on statistical processing of the results, second-order regression models were obtained that adequately describe the nonlinear influence of parameters on process efficiency indicators. An optimal combination of parameters was identified, ensuring a sieving efficiency of at least 95% with minimal sieve clogging. The obtained results can be used to justify design solutions and optimal operating modes of brush separators under industrial conditions.

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