Vibrations in engineering and technology

Trukhanska Olena  – PhD, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Agroengineering and Technical Service of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (Soniachna Str., 3, Vinnytsia, 21008, Ukraine, e-mail: seaswallow@ukr.net, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8481-8878). 

Kohut Vasyl, Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Engineering and Technical Service, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (VNAU, 3 Sonyachna St., Vinnytsia, Ukraine, 21008).

The problem of soil research is now extremely relevant to many agricultural industries. The productive value of the soil depends on many variable factors, including humidity, temperature, composition, processing methods, fertility, which, in turn, are determined by the content of inorganic and organic components. Soils with a large amount of organic substances and the optimal content of minerals are considered to be the most productive in terms of fertility.

The article thoroughly analyzes the role of the physical and mechanical properties of the soil in providing a programmable crop crop. The key role of the soil environment in the growth of plants and the formation of yields, as well as the impact of its physical and mechanical state on water, air and nutritious regimes is indicated. 

The basic parameters are considered: density of laying, humidity, granulometric composition, degree of structure, water permeability, capillary and aeration level. A comparative analysis of different types of soils in the context of their suitability for the cultivation of individual crops is given. It is described as a violation of the physical and mechanical equilibrium of soils (compaction, erosion, loss of structure) adversely affect the development of plants, causing oxygen deficiency, impaired moisture absorption and reducing the activity of the root system. 

Particular attention is paid to agrotechnical methods that contribute to the improvement of the physical condition of soils: the use of organic fertilizers, cultivation, mulching, sideral agriculture, as well as crop rotation as a way of preserving fertility. Organic substances in the soil can be vegetable, animal, microbial or anthropogenic origin.  The definition of physicochemical parameters of soil of agrochemical analysis is considered. This measure allows you to accurately determine the chemical composition and fertility of the soil. This is crucial for choosing appropriate crops and the required amount of mineral and organic fertilizers. The calculations of fertilizer application standards and a programmable yield of potential yield of sugar beetroot crops.

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