Vibrations in engineering and technology

Kholodyuk Oleksandr – - Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Agricultural Engineering and Technical Service of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (Sonyachna Street, 3, Vinnytsia, 21008, Ukraine, e-mail: holodyk@vsau.vin.ua, ORCID: 0000-0002 -4161-6712).

Movchan Dmytro – postgraduate of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (Sonyachna St., 3, Vinnytsia, 21008, Ukraine, e-mail: d.movchan96@gmail.com https://orcid.org/my-orcid?orcid= 0009-0001-8372-5933).

Fertilizers play a key role in increasing soil fertility and crop yields. They provide plants with the necessary mineral nutrients that are critical for their growth, development, and productivity. Plants absorb nutrients in the form of ions, so in order for mineral fertilizers to become available, they must undergo a dissociation process, breaking down into cations and anions.

The article analyzes modern approaches to the use of mineral and organic fertilizers in agriculture as a key means of increasing crop productivity. The main problems associated with existing fertilizer application technologies are identified, which include inefficient use of resources, insufficient attention to agrochemical soil parameters, and lack of adaptation to local conditions.

The design features of deep cultivators and tools for simultaneous application of solid mineral fertilizers of domestic and foreign production are considered. Their advantages and disadvantages in operation are noted. It is noted that the implementation of layer-by-layer application of mineral fertilizers by the working bodies of soil-tillage machines can be achieved by using: combined soil-tillage-seeding units with dispensers for individual types of fertilizers; separate dosing systems for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compounds and controlled precision farming systems, which will allow changing the application rate based on the field fertility map.

The review confirms that the use of modern technologies and techniques, such as precision farming and combined methods of fertilizer application, allows to increase the nutrient absorption rate, optimize agrotechnical processes and reduce the harmful impact on the environment.

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