Vibrations in engineering and technology

Priadkin Maksym - Postgraduate Student of the Department of Agroengineering and Technical Service of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (Soniachna Str., 3, Vinnytsia, 21008, Ukraine, e-mail: makspradkin4@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7008-4262). 

In the feed production system, the harvesting of forage from leguminous grasses and leguminous mixtures plays a key role in achieving high levels of plant protein. However, the efficiency of using the biological potential of the crop is significantly limited by the imperfection of the technological processes of harvesting. The specificity of leguminous grasses arises from a significant difference in the strength of the connection with the stem of the most valuable vegetative organs - leaves and inflorescences, which in terms of nutritional value are 2...3 times greater than the stem fraction. It has been established that the main crop losses and reduction in feed quality occur during mechanical processing of the dried mass, in particular when performing the operations of stirring, raking into windrows and turning. Therefore, an objective assessment of the quality of the work of the relevant agricultural machines (tedders, rakes) is a critically important condition for improving technologies.

The main methodological problem in researching these processes is the difficulty of reliably determining quantitative loss indicators in field conditions. In real operating conditions, due to the fine size of lost particles and their tendency to shatter, complete collection is practically impossible. In this regard, the assessment of machine quality in the field is carried out mainly by indirect methods, the reliability of which raises well-grounded doubts.

During mechanical action, two parallel processes occur: first, the loss of a portion of the free particles that already existed in the swath (due to scattering on the stubble); second, the active destruction of plants with the formation of new free fractions. A part of these newly formed particles is lost irretrievably, but a significant amount accumulates in the structure of the formed windrow, remaining in a "bound" state until the next mechanical impact. Thus, determining losses by a simple difference masks the real level of plant damage, as it does not account for the accumulation of free particles in the mass. This leads to the distortion of test results and complicates the constructive improvement of machinery. Solving this scientific problem requires the development of new theoretical approaches that would take into account the combined influence of scattering and accumulation factors of vegetative residues in the process of fodder harvesting.

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