Vibrations in engineering and technology

Goots Viktor – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Bioengineering, Bio- and Food Technologies, Faculty of Production, Processing and Robotics in Animal Husbandry, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (8 Yunosti Avenue, Vinnytsia, 21008, Ukraine, 21021, e-mail: Goots@ukr.net, orcid: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3874-5609).

Polievoda Yurii – Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Bioengineering, Bio- and Food Technologies Faculty of Production Technology, Processing and Robotics in Animal Husbandry of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (Sonyachna St., 3, Vinnytsia, 21008, Ukraine, e-mail: vinyura36@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2485-0611).

Symonik Bohdan – recipient of a Doctor of Philosophy degree in specialty 181 Food Technologies of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University.

The article examines the deformation processes of viscoelastic systems, which are widely used in food technologies as part of transport-technological and packaging equipment. The working components of such systems (stops, guides, stoppers, springs, dampers, friction units, etc.) change their shape and dimensions under external loads, affecting the efficiency of the equipment and energy consumption. Methodological approaches are proposed for calculating the work and energy characteristics of elastic and viscoelastic elements, taking into account their structural and rheological properties.

Based on the equations of rheodynamics, the work of elastic forces during compression and tension is analyzed, showing that the work depends on the square of the elongation and is independent of the trajectory or duration of the process. To account for the time-dependent characteristics of deformation, a viscous element – a damper – is introduced into the mechanical models, allowing the description of gradual spring deformation under constant or variable loads. Differential equations for parallel and series connections of elastic and viscous elements are considered, and their solutions and expressions for calculating work, deformation rate, power, and energy expenditure are obtained.

Particular attention is given to cases where the deformation forces vary according to a linear or nonlinear law, including exponential, which corresponds to real conditions in packaging processes. Graphical dependencies are presented, illustrating the nature of deformation under different types of loads. The obtained relationships can be used to optimize the energy parameters of technological equipment, improve the reliability and durability of its working components, and enhance the designs of transport-technological and packaging lines.

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