Vibrations in engineering and technology

Yaropud Vitalii - Doctor of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of machinery and equipment for agricultural production of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (St. Soniachna, 3, Vinnytsia, Ukraine, 21008, e-mail: yaropud77@gmail.com).

Ensuring optimal microclimate parameters in pig housing facilities is one of the key conditions for improving animal productivity, maintaining their health, and reducing the negative environmental impact. Of particular importance is the ventilation of underfloor channels, where intensive accumulation and release of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, and water vapor occur. Insufficient efficiency of ventilation systems leads to the deterioration of hygienic conditions, increased incidence of diseases, reduced growth and productivity of animals, as well as higher energy consumption required to maintain permissible microclimate parameters.

This study presents the results of a comprehensive investigation of the floor channel ventilation system, which included both numerical modeling and experimental tests under production conditions. For modeling, three-dimensional CFD models were developed, taking into account turbulent airflows, heat transfer, the multicomponent composition of the gas mixture, and the influence of gravity. The k-ε turbulence model and Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations were applied. The geometry of the facility and the underfloor channels reproduced the actual structural parameters. To improve calculation accuracy in areas with small geometrical dimensions, an adaptive mesh with local refinement was used.

Experimental studies were carried out in pig finishing facilities using modern instruments for continuous monitoring of NH₃, H₂S, and CO₂ concentrations, air temperature, relative humidity, and air velocity at different heights. The obtained data were compared with the results of numerical modeling, which enabled validation of the CFD models and refinement of the physical process parameters.

It was found that the application of ventilation with direct air extraction from underfloor channels reduced peak ammonia concentrations in the animal-occupied zone by 1.5–2 times compared with traditional general ventilation systems. Optimization of operational parameters (air exchange rate, location of exhaust ducts, proportion of extraction from the floor channels and the room) made it possible to achieve a balance between the efficiency of harmful gas removal and the energy efficiency of fan operation.

The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the obtained results for developing recommendations on the design and operation of floor channel ventilation systems aimed at improving the microclimate, reducing the negative impact on the health of animals and staff, as well as increasing the environmental safety of pig production facilities.

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