Vibrations in engineering and technology

Bulgakov Volodymyr - Academician of NAAS, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Mechanics National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 12B, vul. Heroes of Defense, Kyiv, 03041 e-mail: vbulgakov@meta.ua.

Adamchuk Valeriy - Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Honored Worker of Science and Technology of Ukraine, Laureate of the State Prize of Ukraine in Science and Technology, Director of the National Scientific Center "Institute of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture" of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Chief Scientist Secretary of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine (08631, Vokzalna str., 11, urban settlement Glevakha, Fastovsky district, Kiev region.vvadamchuk@gmail.com)

Kaletnіk Grigory – academician of the NAAS of Ukraine, Doctor of Economics, Professor, Head of the Department of Administrative Management and Alternative Energy Sources of Vinnitsa National Agrarian University (Soniachna Str., 3, Vinnitsa, Ukraine, 21008).

Golovach Ivan - Corresponding Member of the NAAS, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Mechanics of the National University of Bioresources and Environmental Management of Ukraine (03041, Heroes Oborony St., 15, Kiev, holovach.iv@gmail.com).

Experimental studies and production experience show that the most productive and high-quality collection of sugar beet haulms without soil impurities, is possible only when a continuous, carbonless cut of its main mass at the root is carried out. However, the use of haulm toppers with rotary haulm cutters, which are carried out without a guide cut, frontally mounted on energy resources, as well as a significant increase in the working speeds of harvesting, cause intense vibrations of these haulm toppers in the longitudinal-vertical plane, which not only reduces the quality of trimming the heads of root crops, but causes, in general, significant losses of tops. Therefore, there is a need for an analytical determination of the influence of the kinematic and design parameters of a topper, frontally mounted on a wheeled tractor, on the magnitude of the amplitude of oscillations in the longitudinal-vertical plane of its haulm topper. Taking this need into account, in this work we have constructed a computational mathematical model of the movement of a topper front-mounted on a wheeled tractor, based on the use of the original equation of dynamics in the form of Lagrange of the second kind. According to the developed equivalent circuit and the implementation of the necessary mathematical transformations, a nonlinear differential equation was obtained, which describes the oscillations of the rotary cutting device of the topper in the longitudinal-vertical plane when its pneumatic gauge wheels move over the unevenness of the soil surface. According to the compiled program and the numerical solution on the PC of the specified differential equation, rational constructive and kinematic parameters of the topper frontally mounted on the tractor have been determined which reduce the indicated oscillations. So, with the forward speed of movement of the topping unit equal to  = 3,0 m∙ s–1, the vibration amplitude of the topper rotor decreases 1,2 ... 1,5 times in comparison with the height of the field surface irregularities, equal to  = ± 0.04 m. With the vibration amplitude of the lower ends of the knives of the rotary cutting apparatus up to 4 cm, the loss of haulms does not increase significantly. However, with an increase in the amplitude of these fluctuations to 7 cm and more, the loss of tops increases significantly, the maximum values of which exceed 12%.

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