Vibrations in engineering and technology

Tsurkan Oleh – D.Eng.Sc., professor of the Department of technological processes and equipment of processing and food industries of Faculty of Engineering and Technology of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, director of Separated structural unit «Ladyzhyn Professional College of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University» (5, P. Kravchyka St., Ladyzhyn, Vinnytsia region, 24321

Spirin Anatoly - candidate of technical sciences, associate professor, teacher of Separate structural subdivision «Ladyzhyn vocational college of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University» (Kravchik Petro St., 5, Ladyzhyn, Vinnytsia Region, Ukraine, 24321, e-mail: spirinanatoly16@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4642-6205).

Gudzenko Natalia – candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate, Specialist of the highest category, teacher-methodologist. Ladyzhyn Vocational College of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (5 Petra Kravchyk Str., Ladyzhyn, Vinnytsia region, 24321, Ukraine). e-mail: gudzenko_nm11@ukr.net, +380974449462., https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0978-4257).

Didyk Andrii – postgraduate student of the Department of Engineering Mechanics and Technological Processes in the Agro-Industrial Complex of the Faculty of Engineering and Technology of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (3 Sunny Street, Vinnytsia, 21008, Ukraine, +380972830537, anddidyk99@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0524-0017)

Obtaining high-quality walnuts must necessarily involve drying them to a conditioned moisture content of 10%. To achieve this goal, dryers of various types and designs are used, but convective dryers with various upgrades to intensify the drying process are the most common. To implement the drying process with the highest possible efficiency, it is necessary to know the regularities of the course of events occurring inside the drying equipment, that is, according to what laws the interaction of the drying agent and the material occurs. Simply put, you need to get a mathematical model of the process of drying walnuts in a convective-vibration dryer. The analysis of recent studies and publications shows that despite the significant variety of measures and means for the implementation of the convective drying process, all of them have the development of a mathematical model of the process as one of the stages of the study. In most cases, the mathematical model describes the interaction between the drying agent and the material to be dried. Before starting work on the creation of a mathematical model of drying, some assumptions were made, including the constancy of thermophysical characteristics and the coefficient of heat transfer during the entire drying process. To adequately describe the change in the amount of moisture in the material, the concept of negative internal heat sources was applied, which is equivalent to the current moisture content of the material and depends on its initial humidity and the operating parameters of the process. The solution of the equation of non-stationary thermal conductivity was carried out analytically by the operational method. The solution of the equation of the non-stationary process of thermal conductivity, taking into account the potential change in the intensity of negative internal heat sources in time, made it possible to obtain an equation by which it is possible to determine the temperature of the material at an arbitrary point of the nut volume depending on the drying exposure. The obtained equation makes it possible to adequately simulate the process of drying walnuts in a convective-vibration dryer and control the change in the temperature of the material to ensure the high quality of the final product.

1. DSTU 8900:2019 Walnuts. Technical conditions. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://online.budstandart.com.ua/catalog/doc (access date 4/26/2024) [in Ukrainian]

2. Pidgorodetsky O. Economical drying. Journal «The Ukrainian Farmer». Березень 2016. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://agrotimes.ua/article/ekonomne-sushinnya/ (access date 4/26/2024) [in Ukrainian]

3. Solona O., Zamriy M. Study of the process of drying grass seeds. (2022). Vibrations in engineering and technology. №3 (106). P.78-87. [in Ukrainian]

4. Yaropud V. M., Sharhorodskyi S. A., Luts P. M., Lavreniuk P. P. Simulation of the process of drying walnuts in a convection dryer. Technology, energy, agriculture transport AIC. 2022. № 3(118). P.101-109. 

5. Kotov B. I., Kalinichenko R. A., Spirin A. V. Mathematical modeling of the process of drying plant materials in a drum dryer at a variable rate of material movement. Environmental Engineering. 2017. № 2 (8). P. 19-23

6. Kirchuk R.V. Theoretical prerequisites for modeling the process of drying dispersed plant materials. Agricultural machinery. 2017. Issue 37, pp.47-56.

7. Kotov B.I., Kalinichenko R.A., Kurgansky O.D. Heat and mass transfer during drying and cooling of grain material in a dense moving layer. Technology, energy, agriculture transport AIC. 2016, №4(96) с. 64 –67. 

8. Kotov B.I., Stepanenko S.P., Shvydia V.O. Consideration of distributed parameters in modeling dynamic modes of dryers of agricultural materials. Agricultural machinery. Lutsk: 2016, issue 34. pp. 74 – 80 

9. Bandura V.M., Kotov B.I., Grishchenko V.O. Modeling and calculation of the process of radiation-convective drying of seeds in a tray vibration unit of periodic action (with a material circulation circuit). Visnyk KNTUG. 2019. Vip 10.

10. Korinchuk D.M., Snezhkin Y.F., Substantiation of energy-efficient modes of operation of the drum dryer of the complex of composite biofuel production. Scientific works. 2018.Vol. 82, Issue 1. P. 116-122.

11. A. K. Haghi. A mathematical model of the drying process. Acta Polytechnica. 2001. No. 3 Vol. 41.

12. Kivaandra Dayaa Rao Ramarao, Zuliana Razali, Chandran Somasundram* Mathematical models to describe the drying process of Moringa oleifera leaves in a convective-air dryer. Czech Journal of Food Sciences. 2021. 39 (6).

13. Tsurkan O.V., Yanovych V.P., Prysyazhnyuk D.V. Study of kinetics of drying sunflower seeds in a vibrating dryer. Proceedings of the XI International Scientific and Practical Conference. Problems of design, production and operation of agricultural machinery. – Kropyvnytskyi: CSTU, 2017. – P.301-303.

14. Tsurkan O., Spirin A., Rutkevich V., Didyk A. Development of a convective-vibrating dryer for drying walnuts. Bulletin of the Khmelnytskyi National University Series: Technical Sciences. 2024. № 2 (333). С. 393-399. [in Ukrainian]

15. How to dry nuts [Electronic resource]. Access mode:http://fakty.ua/408294  access date 2/12/2024) [in Ukrainian]

16. Kotov B.I., Spirin A.V., Zozuliak I.A., Pivnyuk A.V. Calculation of kinetics of drying of heterogeneous plant materials. Technology, energy, agriculture transport AIC. 2017. №1(96). С.96-99.

17. Kotov B., Bandura V.   Construction of a mathematical model of extraction process in the system solid body liquid in a microwave field. Easten-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies. 2018 №5(6-95) P.33-43. 

18. Kotov B., Spirin A., Kalinichenko R., Bandura V., Polievoda Y., Tverdokhlib I..  Determination the parameters and modes of new heliocollectors constructions work for drying grain and vegetable raw material by active ventilation. Research in Agricultural Engineering. 2019. (1)65 p. 20-24.

19. Bandura V., Kalinichenko R., Kotov B., Spirin A. Theoretical rationale and identification of heat and mass transfer processes in vibration dryers with IR-energy supply. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies. 2018. 4/8 (94) Pp.50-58. 

20. Massalitina E.V., Kilchynskyi O.O. Operational calculus. Theory and Methods of Problem Solving. Methodical manual for students of technical specialties: KNTU "KPI them. Igor Sikorsky" 2018.- 90 p.