Vibrations in engineering and technology

Tryshyn Pavlo – Ph. D., Associate Professor of the Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, National University “Zaporizhzhia Polytechnic”, Zaporizhzhia (69000, 64 Zhukovsky St., Zaporizhia, Ukraine, e-mail: trishin@zp.edu.ua), ORCID 0000-0002-3301-5124

Kozlova Olena – Ph. D., Associate Professor of the Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, National University “Zaporizhzhia Polytechnic”, (69000, 64 Zhukovsky St., Zaporizhia, Ukraine, e-mail: kozlova@zp.edu.ua), ORCID 0000-0002-3478-5913.

To study vibrations during turning, dynamometers are used, which are important tools for measuring cutting force - one of the main parameters characterizing the state of the cutting process. Cutting force demonstrates high sensitivity to vibrations and is an important indicator for assessing system behavior compared to other methods, such as acoustic emission. However, force sensors have some limitations: they are often bulky and have a limited operating range. Dynamometers operate on the principle of static equilibrium between cutting force and the elastic force of the device itself, which allows for accurate measurement of forces during the cutting process. However, this also means that elastic, frictional and inertial forces arising in the dynamometer itself can affect the accuracy of measurements. The aim of the work was to conduct a theoretical analysis and propose a design for a cutter-oscillator with one degree of freedom. The direction of the resulting movement of the cutting edge of this oscillator coincides with the direction of the cutting speed (Z axis), which allows us to study the conditions of excitation, development and suppression of self-oscillations in conditions where there is no regenerative effect and coordinate connection. The cutter-oscillator allows us to study in more detail the mechanisms of excitation of oscillations in the cutting process and their interaction with other parameters. For the experiments, a special design of a device for mounting the cutter-oscillator on a machine tool was developed, which allows us to attach an additional mass and change the length of the flight. This made it possible to adjust the rigidity of the system, inertia and natural frequency of oscillation, which is important for fine-tuning the turning process. In addition, an experimental and measuring stand was created that allows us to record oscillograms of the oscillatory motion of the cutting edge of the cutter-oscillator. This made it possible to study different types of oscillations, such as free, free accompanying, forced and self-oscillations, which arise when cutting conditions change - from continuous to intermittent and non-stationary.

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