Vibrations in engineering and technology

Simakov Oleh – recipient of the scientific degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the specialty 133 Industrial mechanical engineering Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (Vinnytsia, str. Sonyachna 3, VNAU 21008, e-mail: simakov35@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2335-8980).

The article presents a systematic analysis of the current state and development prospects of technological approaches to fractionating dry leaf-stem biomass in feed production, aimed at isolating the leaf fraction as the most nutritionally valuable component of plant raw materials. The relevance of the study is determined by the high specific cost of feed in the cost structure of livestock products, the deficit of high-quality feed protein, and significant nutrient losses inherent in traditional technologies for processing hay and forage biomass.

The aim of the study is to generalize and provide an engineering assessment of existing technologies for fractionating dry leaf-stem biomass, to identify their technological and structural limitations, and to substantiate the feasibility of developing new technical solutions to improve the efficiency of mechanical leaf separation. The methodological basis of the research consists of a systematic and comparative analysis of scientific publications, patent sources, and technical descriptions of machines implementing aerodynamic, threshing, and stripping separation principles.

It is shown that the efficiency of the fractionation process is determined by a combination of physical, mechanical, and aerodynamic properties of leaves and stems, including differences in their strength, brittleness, bulk density, and aerodynamic resistance. It is established that aerodynamic machines are characterized by increased energy consumption and a strong dependence of separation quality on material moisture content and particle size distribution; threshing units provide intensive mechanical impact but are accompanied by fragmentation of the stem fraction and contamination of the leaf product; stripping machines allow the production of a high-quality leaf fraction but are limited by low productivity and insufficient completeness of separation.

Based on the identified engineering constraints, the feasibility of developing stripping-type machines with a drum working element and a rational system for feeding and removing fractions is substantiated, creating prerequisites for improving the efficiency and resource efficiency of feed production technologies.

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