Vibrations in engineering and technology

Bohdan Vovnianko – PhD student at the Department of Agricultural Machinery, Central Ukrainian National Technical University (Central Ukrainian National Technical University, 8, Prospekt Universytetskyy, Kropivnitsky, Ukraine, 25006, ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9332-4927, e-mail: b.vovnyanko@ukr.net, b.vovnyanko@kernel.ua).

The article is devoted to the theoretical study of the parameters of the coulter covering heel as a vital design element of the sowing unit, which significantly influences the quality of the grain crop seeding process. It is substantiated that under modern conditions of agricultural production, characterized by the widespread implementation of resource-saving and direct seeding technologies, traditional coulter designs do not always ensure stable seed placement depth within the soil profile during sowing. This leads to non-uniform seed distribution in the soil, deterioration of field germination, and a decrease in potential crop yield.

The study proves that one of the primary reasons for seed placement depth instability is the complex nature of seed movement after its discharge from the seed tube. Multiple seed bounces off the furrow bottom, soil crumbling from the furrow walls, and the influence of the air environment lead to seed displacement across different soil horizons. To provide a more accurate description of these processes, a theoretical approach to studying seed movement, accounting for air resistance, has been proposed, allowing for a more adequate modeling of the real operating conditions of the sowing unit.

Based on the principles of classical mechanics, analytical dependencies have been derived to describe the changes in coordinates and velocity components of the seed during its movement within the internal part of the coulter and after contact with the soil. This allowed for the identification of factors influencing the stabilization conditions of the seed position at the furrow bottom. The article also outlines the primary geometric and technological parameters of the coulter covering heel, which determine the efficiency of seed covering and fixation.

The obtained analytical dependencies can serve as a theoretical basis for the further substantiation of the design and technological parameters of coulters equipped with retaining heels for various soil types and crops. The proposed approach is universal and can be adapted for modern sowing machines, particularly those operating under resource-saving seeding technologies. The research results hold practical value for the design of new sowing units and the modernization of existing ones, as well as establish a scientific foundation for further experimental studies aimed at refining the rational parameters of the covering heel under field conditions.

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