Vibrations in engineering and technology

Hraniak Valerii – Candidate of Science (Engineering), Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Power engineering, electrical engineering and electromechanics of Vinnitsa National Agrarian University. (3 Soniachna St., Vinnitsa, Ukraine, 21008, e-mail: titanxp2000@ukr.net)

Solona Olena – Candidate of Technical Sciences, (Ph. D in Engeneering), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of General Technical Disciplines and Occupational Safety, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (3, Sonyachna Str., Vinnytsia, 21008, e-mail: solona_o_v@ukr.net)

Ensuring the reliability of the operation of technological lines and mechanisms is one of the main conditions for the safe and productive operation of technological equipment. And since one of the key elements of the vast majority of modern equipment and mechanisms are rotating electrical machines, the reliability of the latter largely determines the reliability of the system as a whole.

The paper provides a detailed analysis of the prospects of using vibration signals to detect defects in rotating electrical machines. As a result of a statistical study conducted on the basis of studying the causes of emergency failures that occur during the operation of medium-power asynchronous electric motors based on the DTG "Energomash" and the analysis of literary sources, the most probable defects that occur during the operation of rotating electrical machines were identified. In particular, it was found that the most probable defects that occur during the operation of such equipment can be attributed to: rotor imbalance, bearing damage, asymmetry of the stator electromagnetic field and violation of the mechanical rigidity of the supporting structures.

Based on the study, it was theoretically substantiated and experimentally confirmed that the most common types of defects that are typical for rotating electrical machines cause a significant vibration response. In this case, the vibration response, containing information about the existing defects of electrical machines, can be measured directly in the operating mode of the electrical machine without the need to intervene in the design of the latter.

It was also shown that defects of various types that occur during the operation of rotating electrical machines are characterized by a relatively low severity in the early stages of defect development and selectivity, both in shape and in the frequency spectrum. Therefore, it is obvious that it is necessary to develop highly informative signs of the presence of defects of the considered type, characterized by increased severity and selectivity.

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