Vibrations in engineering and technology

Ostapenko Zhanna-postgraduate student, assistant of Vinnytsia national agrarian university (st. Soniachna, 3, Vinnytsia, Ukraine, 21008)

One of the most promising physical methods of extraction processes intensification is ultrasound. Dissemination of sound waves in the device occurs by periodic rarefaction and compression of the liquid with the corresponding frequency to the frequency of sound wave oscillations and with a rarefaction amplitude equal to the compression amplitude. Effects of mixing and heating of the liquid, pulsation, collapse of cavitation bubbles is occurred during the operation of the ultrasonic generator.

Extraction under the ultrasound influence has its advantages. The equipment has the possibility of continuous operation and is suitable for mass extraction of medicinal products from plants; the extraction time is reduced; the process takes place at a low temperature, which is very important for the thermolabile pharmaceutical ingredients. Sound waves are mechanical vibrations in solids, liquids, and gases that have frequencies higher than 20 kHz. Sound waves moves in any matter, they are associated with cycles of compression and expansion during movement in the medium, in contrast with electromagnetic waves. It is possible to reduce the extraction operating temperature of thermolabile compounds using ultrasound. In addition, any solvent can be used during ultrasonic extraction.

Ultrasonic extraction can be used to extract biologically active substances such as essential oils, lipids, and dietary supplements from plants.

To calculate the process of extraction of biologically active substances in an acoustic extractor, it is necessary to develop a mathematical model for establishing diffusion coefficients and extraction time.

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