Vibrations in engineering and technology

Petrenko Dmytro – Associate Professor, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), Central Ukrainian National Technical University (Central Ukrainian National Technical University, 8, Prospekt Universytetskyy, Kropivnitsky, Ukraine, 25006, ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3151-8123, e-mail: petrenko.dimitriy@gmail.com).

Aulin Victor – Professor, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Operation and Repair of Machines, Central Ukrainian National Technical University (Central Ukrainian National Technical University, 8, Prospekt Universytetskyy, Kropivnitsky, Ukraine, 25006, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2737-120X, e-mail: aulinvv@gmail.com)

Machok Yurii – Associate Professor, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), Central Ukrainian National Technical University (Central Ukrainian National Technical University, 8, Prospekt Universytetskyy, Kropivnitsky, Ukraine, 25006, ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5328-7859, e-mail: machokuv@ukr.net).

Nesterenko Olexsander – Associate Professor, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), Central Ukrainian National Technical University (Central Ukrainian National Technical University, 8, Prospekt Universytetskyy, Kropivnitsky, Ukraine, 25006, ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6297-8555, e-mail: nov_78@ukr.net).

The article is devoted to solving an urgent scientific and practical problem in modern agricultural engineering – increasing the efficiency of sowing machine working elements by theoretically substantiating the optimal geometric parameters of a skid-type coulter point. The study provides a comprehensive analysis of existing coulter designs (disc, anchor, and skid-type), which revealed the main drawbacks of traditional models, particularly the instability of seed placement depth and the self-lifting effect when the operating speed increases above 7…9 km/h.

It has been scientifically proven that a logarithmic spiral is the most appropriate form for the frontal face of the coulter point to ensure process stability. This geometry allows for a constant cutting angle regardless of fluctuations in the operating depth, minimizing frontal resistance and preventing the crushing of plant residues or clogging. The study employed the mathematical apparatus of continuum mechanics, specifically the Mohr-Coulomb limit equilibrium model and Vesic's cavity expansion theory, to describe the interaction of the coulter tip with various soil types (sandy, loamy, and chernozem).

It was established that an optimal entry angle in the range of 25°…32° ensures a "pure shear" effect instead of energy-consuming soil compaction. It is theoretically substantiated that the proposed logarithmic profile facilitates self-cleaning of the working surface even on high-moisture soils, as the resulting shear forces significantly exceed adhesion and friction forces. Mathematical modeling confirmed that optimizing the point's shape reduces the draft resistance of the coulter by 10%...12% while ensuring uniform seedbed formation and compliance with the specified sowing depth. The results are of practical significance for designing new-generation energy-efficient sowing complexes capable of high-speed operation while meeting agrotechnical requirements.

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