Vibrations in engineering and technology

Polievoda Yurii – candidate of technical sciences, associate professor of the department of technological processes and equipment for processing and food production, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University: Vinnitsia, st. Sonyachna 3, VNAU, 21008, e-mail: vinyura36@gmail.com.

The article provides a detailed overview of the process of splitting the kernel of a walnut.  Examples of many ways to split the shell are given, all of their disadvantages and advantages are listed. The mechanical method of peeling nuts using low-frequency oscillations has been theoretically investigated and substantiated.
The kinematics of the process of crushing nuts between two parallel plates has been extensively analyzed. Graphical correlations were obtained between the size of the nut shell and the dynamics of the driving force of the nut moisture. It is revealed that the process of destruction of the shell of a walnut consists of four stages, corresponding to the laws of brittle destruction.
Presents: - dependence of the maximum force of crushing of a shell of a nut at 5% humidity;  - the dependence of the maximum crushing force of nuts at different shell thickness for the case of horizontal positioning of the nut between two plates with perpendicular force on the surface of the joint halves of the nut;  - the dependence of the maximum crushing force according to the humidity of the nuts at different shell thicknesses for the case of vertical positioning of the nut between two parallel plates with a vertical driving force;  - the dependence of the maximum crushing force with the moisture of the nuts at different shell thicknesses for the case of horizontal positioning of the nut between two parallel plates with a force action along the slit.
The energy of splitting (crushing) of nuts at their location in different positions between two parallel plates is also determined. Where it has been proved that the energy consumed in the process of crushing increases with the thickness of the shell of a walnut. At the same time, it is proved that energy consumption depends on the location of the nut in the process of crushing.  Graph analyzes were performed to show that maximum crushing energy is recorded in the case of a horizontal arrangement of a nut with a perpendicular crack action.
In this study, a large amount of information was obtained regarding the splitting of the walnut, depending on the structural and mechanical characteristics of the products, which in the process of processing are important for the determination of certain rational technological parameters.

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