Vibrations in engineering and technology

Stadnik Igor – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor Department of Food Technologies Faculty of Machines, Technologies and Structures of Ternopil National Technical University (Ruska st., 56,  Ternopil, Ukraine, 46001, e-mail: igorstadnykk@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4126-3256).

Piddubnyi Volodymyr – Academік of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences, Doctor of technical sciences professor, director State Scientific Institution Ukrainian Research Institute for Alcohol and Biotechnology of Food Products (Lane Senkivsky 3, Kyiv, Ukraine, 03190, e-mail: profpod@ukr.net, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1497-7133).

Mihailik Vitalii – PhD, asistant Department of restaurant and craft technologies State University of Trade and Economics (Kyoto st., 19, Kyiv, Ukraine, 02156, e-mail: v.mykhaylyk@knute.edu.ua, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7604-4403).

Zakharuk Ivan – Leading Engineer, PJSC «Ivano-Frankivskzalizobeton» (Mostovycha st., 21, Kolomyia, Ivano-Frankivsk region, Ukraine, 78300, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7604-4403).

Polievoda Yurii – Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Bioengineering, Bio- and Food Technologies Faculty of Production Technology, Processing and Robotics in Animal Husbandry of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (Sonyachna st., 3, Vinnytsia, 21008, Ukraine, e-mail: vinyura36@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2485-0611).

This study examines the improvement of efficiency and reliability of hammer crushers in the processing industry by applying working surfaces with a discrete structure and relief in the form of an Archimedean spiral. The wear mechanisms of crushing elements were analyzed, and design solutions were proposed to reduce wear intensity and provide a self-sharpening effect. A mathematical model of the interaction between the working elements and raw material was developed, and experimental studies on its comminution were conducted. A model of load variation on a working element with a spiral-shaped edge was proposed, taking into account contact dynamics and blade geometry. The model is based on the principles of deformable solid mechanics and contact theory. Comparative analysis demonstrated that the hammer profile shape significantly influences the interaction with the material. It was found that the use of a profile in the form of an Archimedean spiral improves the dynamic characteristics of the process and reduces energy consumption. Modeling has confirmed that the equilibrium position of the hammer during the rotation of the rotor is a critical condition for effective grinding of grain raw materials. Deviation from this position causes a decrease in productivity, an increase in dynamic loads and accelerated surface wear. The proposed configuration provides a uniform distribution of loads, reduction of contact stresses and increase the durability of the working bodies. The results can be used to modernize crushers to increase their reliability and reduce service costs. In addition, the analysis showed the possibility of optimizing the geometric parameters of the rotor, which reduces the power consumption of the installation and improve the quality of the final product. This creates the basis for further research in the direction of improving the structures of rotary crushers and the introduction of energy efficient technological solutions in the processing industry.

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