Vibrations in engineering and technology

Zamrii Mykhailo – recipient of the scientific degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the specialty 133 Industrial mechanical engineering Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. Office address: Vinnytsia, str. Sonyachna 3, VNAU 21008, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9433-6714).

Drying of seed material is one of the most critical technological processes that directly affects its sowing qualities and the energy consumption of production. Germination energy and seed viability primarily depend on the drying regime parameters, which require scientific justification. Therefore, the study of the drying behavior of alfalfa aftercrop mixture is of significant importance for determining optimal technological regimes, reducing energy costs, and ensuring high seed quality.

A review of the literature has shown that the alfalfa aftercrop mixture, in terms of structure, belongs to the group of capillary-porous colloidal materials. The drying curve of such materials consists of two characteristic periods: the constant-rate period and the falling-rate period. In the first case, the evaporation rate is determined by the intensity of heat transfer from the surface, while in the second case it depends on the conditions of internal moisture migration within the particles and the forms of its binding with dry matter. To describe this process, empirical equations were applied, with parameters determined experimentally.

The conducted studies confirmed that the drying rate depends on the temperature and humidity of the drying agent, the porosity of the material layer, and the geometry of its components. It was established that the zone of intensive drying is within 0.02–0.04 m, and that changes in porosity directly influence the effective surface area of heat and mass transfer. For the description of the process, the use of criterion equations with the introduction of dimensionless parameters was proposed, in particular the Hukman criterion, which accounts for the thermodynamic properties of the drying agent.

The research results made it possible to refine the drying rate equation for the alfalfa aftercrop mixture and to determine the critical and equilibrium moisture content of the material. The obtained dependencies provide a basis for the development of a mathematical model of the process and allow the justification of optimal drying regimes, which contribute to improving energy efficiency and seed material quality.

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2. Kotov, B. I., Spirin, A. V., & Kalinichenko, R. A. (2016). Teplo- i masoobmin pry sushinni silskohospodarskykh roslynnykh materialiv u shchilnomu nerukhomomu shari [Heat and mass transfer during drying of agricultural plant materials in a dense fixed bed]. TET APK, 2(94), 41–44. [in Ukrainian].

3. Solona, O., et al. (2025). Determination of the dependence of the physico-mechanical properties of alfalfa seed pods on moisture content. Technology Audit and Production Reserves, 3(3[83]), 84–90. [in English].

4. Kotov, B. I., & Kuzmenko, V. F. (2013). Matematychna model dynamiky sushinnia lystosteblovykh materialiv aktyvnym ventyliuvanniam [Mathematical model of the dynamics of drying leaf-stem materials by active ventilation]. Pratsi Tavriiskoho derzhavnoho ahrotekhnolohichnoho universytetu, 13, 32–38. [in Ukrainian].

5. Kaletnik, H., Yaropud, V., Polievoda, Yu., Solona, O., Babyn, I., & Tverdokhlib, I. (2024). Study of the process of active-ventilation drying of legume grasses’ fractional processing products. Przegląd Elektrotechniczny, 100(2), 156–163. [in English].

6. Solodka, A. V. (2017). Doslidzhennia teploobminu v nerukhomomu shari hranulovanoho materialu [Study of heat transfer in a fixed bed of granular material]. Kholodylna tekhnika ta tekhnolohiia, 53(4), 12–16. [in Ukrainian].

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